The treatment for cervical abnormalities depends on several factors, including the severity of the abnormality, the presence of HPV, age, and desire to preserve fertility. Options include:

• Observation / Watchful Waiting: For minor changes that might return to normal on their own. This is appropriate for low grade cervical cell abnormalities., Living a healthy lifestyle and stopping smoking and other factors that may impair the immune system can facilitate a faster clearance of the HPV infection from the system.
• Cervical Procedures: For more significant abnormalities, treatments may involve removing or destroying the abnormal cervical tissue. Methods include:
  • Cryotherapy: freezing off abnormal cells with liquid nitrogen.
  • Large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ): this involves removing abnormal tissue using a thin, low-voltage electrified wire loop.
  • Cold knife cone biopsy: a method to extract a cone-shaped piece of tissue from the cervix for examination.
  • Laser therapy: using a laser to burn away abnormal cells.
• Surgery: In cases where significant pre-cancerous cells are found or for early-stage cervical cancer, more extensive surgical procedures may be necessary.
• HPV Vaccination: While not a treatment for existing abnormalities, the HPV vaccine can prevents some HPV infections.