Gynaecology Menopause

Menopause

Menopause is a significant life stage for women, marked by the end of menstrual cycles and reproductive capability. In Australia, a considerable number of women navigate this transition every year, facing a range of symptoms that can affect their physical and emotional wellbeing.

Understanding menopause, including its causes, the types, and the array of treatment options available, is crucial for managing this phase of life effectively and confidently. If you are entering this transitional stage, Dr Huang can support you through an open discussion of your symptoms and treatment options, ensuring a tailored approach to managing menopause that aligns with your health needs and lifestyle preferences.  

What is menopause?

Menopause is a natural biological process in every woman’s life, characterised by the cessation of menstrual periods for 12 consecutive months. In Australia, approximately 2 million women are going through menopause at any given time. The typical age for menopause is between 45 and 55 years, with an average age of 51 years old. 

Although menopause is an inevitable part of a woman’s life, studies indicate that about 80% of women experience menopausal symptoms, with 20% of these women reporting severe symptoms that significantly impact their quality of life. Additionally, post-menopausal women face increased risks of osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease, highlighting the importance of awareness and management strategies for menopause.

Types of menopause

  • Natural menopause is the most common type, occurring as part of the natural ageing process
  • Premature menopause occurs before the age of 40 years, often due to genetic factors, autoimmune diseases, or medical procedures
  • Iatrogenic menopause results from surgical removal of your ovaries or damage from treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation

When talking about menopause, many women are actually referring to perimenopause, which describes the period of time leading up to and around menopause. Menopause itself is defined as the conclusion of your reproductive years, marked by 12 months of consecutive amenorrhoea (absence of menstrual periods), while perimenopause is the time associated with symptoms, increasingly irregular periods, and can last for up to 10 years before you reach menopause. It is still possible to fall pregnant during perimenopause, so using contraception is still necessary if you do not wish to conceive.

What causes menopause?

The primary cause of natural menopause is the gradual decline in the production of the hormones oestrogen and progesterone by your ovaries. This decline disrupts your normal menstrual cycle, leading to changes in menstruation patterns and eventually the cessation of periods. Factors influencing the timing and onset of menopause include genetics, lifestyle, and overall health.

Menopause treatment and management

While menopause is a natural phase and not a medical condition that requires treatment per se, the symptoms can be managed through various approaches tailored to your needs and preferences. While some women pass through perimenopause into menopause with no issues, it is more common than not to experience bothersome menopause symptoms such as:

  • Hot flushes and night sweats
  • Breast tenderness
  • Vaginal dryness
  • Sleep disruption
  • Headaches
  • Mood swings
  • Pain in your muscles and joints
  • Brain fog

Menopause symptoms can effectively be managed with a GP experienced in women’s health or with a gynaecologist.

Menopause hormone therapy (MHT)

MHT is the most effective treatment option for relieving hot flushes and several other menopausal symptoms. It can also have beneficial effects on bone loss, reducing your risk of osteoporosis. However, MHT is not suitable for everyone, and your decision should be made after discussion with your doctor about the risks and benefits as they relate to you. 

Non-hormonal medications

For women who cannot or choose not to use MHT, other medications can help manage specific symptoms. For example, certain antidepressants can reduce hot flushes, and medications that support bone density can help prevent osteoporosis.

Lifestyle modifications

Optimising your lifestyle can significantly alleviate menopausal symptoms. Maintaining a well-balanced diet and regular exercise, alongside quitting smoking and reducing alcohol consumption, can facilitate symptom improvement and support your overall health.

Complementary therapies

For some women, alternative practices such as yoga, acupuncture, and herbal supplements may offer symptomatic relief. However, as the safety and efficacy of these treatments are variable, it is important that any alternative approach is discussed with your gynaecologist or GP.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Menopause is defined as not having had a menstrual period for 12 consecutive months – at this point you are considered as having “reached menopause”. However, perimenopause is the period of time leading up to reaching menopause and is associated with what women typically refer to as “menopause symptoms”. Perimenopause can last anywhere from a few months to 10 years, with an average of 4-6 years.

Early menopause is when menopause (when you have not menstruated for a whole year) occurs between 40-45 years of age. The symptoms leading up to early menopause are the same as regular natural menopause, though sometimes can be more severe.

It is still possible to fall pregnant naturally during perimenopause; your reproductive potential concludes only once you have properly reached menopause and no longer ovulate. However, it does get progressively more difficult to conceive as you age, particularly after the age of 40. Fertility treatments such as IVF can help, as can fertility preservation through egg freezing if you would like to wait until life circumstances are more favourable for having a baby.

Early signs can include changes in your menstrual cycle, hot flushes, night sweats, sleep disturbance, mood changes, brain fog, and vaginal dryness. These symptoms often begin during perimenopause rather than only after menopause has been reached.

Yes. Hormonal changes during perimenopause and menopause can affect mood, and some women experience anxiety, low mood, irritability, or difficulty concentrating. It is important to seek support if these symptoms are affecting your quality of life.

Yes. It is still possible to fall pregnant during perimenopause until menopause has been reached. Contraception is still needed if you do not wish to conceive.

Need expert gynaecology care? Contact Dr Alice Huang, Melbourne gynaecologist and surgeon, today

Dr Huang has been providing comprehensive gynaecology care for women for over 20 years, with a focus on clear communication and patient-centred, evidence-based care that guides you through the journey step by step. Her expertise includes surgical procedures such as laparoscopy, hysteroscopy, and endometrial ablation, as well as in-office procedures including pelvic ultrasound and colposcopy. Her rooms are conveniently located at Epworth Freemasons Hospital in East Melbourne.

Contact Dr Huang’s rooms today to arrange your appointment.

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