Gynaecology Uterine Fibroids

Uterine Fibroids

Fibroids are a common health concern for women, but advancements in medical research and treatment options continue to improve the quality of life for those affected.

Effective treatment for fibroids is available, designed to help you manage your symptoms and reduce the impact of this common condition on your life. Dr Huang offers both surgical and non-surgical fibroid treatment options accompanied by open, honest, and evidence-based advice, actively empowering women to participate in their healthcare decisions.


What are uterine fibroids?

Fibroids, also known as uterine leiomyomas or myomas, are non-cancerous (benign) tumours, commonly seen in women of childbearing age. They are extremely common, affecting up to 80% of women by the age of 50. Though they can occur at any stage during a woman’s childbearing years, they are most prevalent in women in their 30s and 40s.

Fibroids are composed of muscle cells and other tissues, and develop in and around the wall of the uterus. They can cause differing degrees of symptoms and may compromise fertility depending on their size and location in your uterus.

What causes uterine fibroids?

The exact cause of fibroids are unknown, though factors that may play a role in their development include:

  • Oestrogen and progesterone hormones, which stimulate the growth of fibroids
  • Genetics and family history, evidenced by a three-fold risk of developing fibroids if you have a first-degree female relative with uterine fibroids
  • The presence of obesity, possibly from increased oestrogen levels driven by excess fat tissue
  • Ethnicity, with women of Asian descent more likely to develop uterine fibroids compared to Caucasian women

How are uterine fibroids diagnosed?

It is possible to have uterine fibroids and be unaware, as at least 50% of women with fibroids are asymptomatic. A fibroid may be noticed only incidentally while having investigations for something else.

Symptoms of fibroids

Fibroid symptoms may include:

Uterine fibroid diagnosis

If your symptoms indicate the possibility of a uterine fibroid, Dr Huang may arrange for a pelvic ultrasound. Large or complex fibroids may benefit from other imaging techniques such as MRI, which provides the most accurate diagnosis, or CT scanning. 

A hysteroscopy is another effective diagnostic tool for directly visualising certain types of fibroids and to assess their impact inside the uterine cavity. This procedure is minimally invasive, involving a long, thin tool with a camera inserted into your uterus via the cervix. A benefit of hysteroscopic examination is that surgical treatment of fibroids can often be performed at the same time.

Fibroid treatment

Treatment for fibroids depends on several factors, including how severe your symptoms are, the size and location of the fibroid, your age and general health, and whether you are planning for a future pregnancy.

Watchful waiting

If your symptoms are mild, or if you are asymptomatic, regular monitoring without intervention is standard practice. If the fibroid is monitored conservatively, it is sensible to have regular pelvic ultrasounds to monitor for fibroid growth or changes, which give you an opportunity to access treatment promptly if your fibroids enlarge or symptoms deteriorate. In many cases, fibroids shrink naturally with the approach of menopause.

Hormone medications

Due to the role that oestrogen and progesterone play in the growth of fibroids, hormone therapies that regulate these hormones can help to reduce the size of fibroids and relieve the associated symptoms. Hormone medications for fibroids may come in the form of injections, pills, or an intrauterine device (IUD). This approach to fibroid treatment is not suitable if you are trying to conceive, as many also act as contraception.

Fibroid surgery and procedures

Several procedures can be performed to manage uterine fibroids, including:

  • Hysteroscopic myomectomy, a minimally invasive surgery to remove the fibroids using surgical tools passed through your cervix
  • Laparoscopic myomectomy, when a thin camera inserted through the belly button and the fibroid is treatment through keyhole incisions on the abdomen  
  • Open myomectomy, which requires a larger incision through your belly to remove the fibroids
  • Hysterectomy, a surgical procedure to remove your uterus
  • Myolysis, using radio waves, heat, or freezing to shrink the fibroids without damaging the uterus, offered through a radiological service
  • Uterine artery embolisation, which effectively shrinks the fibroids by removing their blood supply, offered through a radiological service
  • Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS), involving the application of ultrasound waves to destroy uterine fibroids and alleviate symptoms, offered through a radiological service

A myomectomy is often the first-line surgical recommendation for women who would still like to retain their fertility, as it leaves the uterus intact.

What can fertility testing identify?

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Frequently Asked Questions

Fibroids are considered benign and non-cancerous, with a risk of malignancy of less than 1%. On ultrasound, a fibroid and a malignant tumour known as a leiomyosarcoma may appear similar. If there is any uncertainty, or if you have risk factors for uterine cancer, Dr Huang may organise further evaluation or ongoing monitoring ultrasounds.

Yes, it is very possible to conceive naturally despite being diagnosed with a uterine fibroid. If you are having difficulty falling pregnant and have a fibroid that is distorting the shape of your uterus, Dr Huang may recommend a myomectomy to improve your chances of conceiving and reduce your risk of an early miscarriage.

Gynaecologists are medical doctors who have further specialised in women’s health, and are the best qualified to manage a fibroid. Some fibroid treatments are offered by radiologists.

Some fibroids may increase the risk of complications during pregnancy, including first trimester bleeding, placental problems, breech presentation, caesarean section, and labour-related complications. The degree of risk depends on the size and location of the fibroid.

No. Many fibroids do not need treatment, especially if they are small and not causing symptoms. Treatment is usually considered when fibroids are causing heavy bleeding, pelvic pain, pressure symptoms, fertility problems, or recurrent miscarriage.

Yes. In many women, fibroids shrink after menopause because hormone levels, particularly oestrogen and progesterone, decline. This is one reason watchful waiting may be appropriate in selected cases.

Need expert gynaecology care? Contact Dr Alice Huang, Melbourne gynaecologist and surgeon, today

Dr Huang has been providing comprehensive gynaecology care for women for over 20 years, with a focus on clear communication and patient-centred, evidence-based care that guides you through the journey step by step. Her expertise includes surgical procedures such as laparoscopy, hysteroscopy, and endometrial ablation, as well as in-office procedures including pelvic ultrasound and colposcopy. Her rooms are conveniently located at Epworth Freemasons Hospital in East Melbourne.

Contact Dr Huang’s rooms today to arrange your appointment.

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