Introduction Embryo grading is one of the most common topics patients ask about during IVF. After egg collection and fertilisation, embryologists monitor embryos as they develop over several days and use grading to describe how each embryo appears at a particular point in time. These…

Introduction Recurrent miscarriage — commonly defined in many clinical pathways as two or more (or three or more) consecutive pregnancy losses — affects an estimated 1–2% of couples and can be deeply distressing. The emotional toll is high, and in many casesthe cause of recurrent…

Introduction Endometriosis — when tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus — is common and can cause pain, heavy periods, and fertility challenges. Many people with endometriosis will conceive naturally, but for some the condition interferes with ovulation, egg quality, fallopian tube…

Introduction Reciprocal IVF — also called inter-partner IVF — is an increasingly popular and special option for same-sex female couples who want both partners to be biologically involved in starting a family. One partner provides the eggs and the other partner carries the pregnancy. This…